Cement manufacturing is an energy-intensive process. In addition to the high consumption of fuel for calcination and clinkering, which requires temperatures in the range of 1400 °C to 1450 °C, electric energy is needed to process the raw materials, cool the clinker, and grind the cement. The use of advanced technology such as rotary kilns and pre-heater has optimized the calcination process to a point where no further significant reduction of energy consumption through ...
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