New polymorphous CaCO₃-based cementitious materials – Part 1: Calera – availability of resources

1 Binder concepts of selected alternative cementitious materials

2 Corals based on polymorphous calcium carbonate

3 Vaterite seed crystals [21]

4 Main distribution areas of salt lakes [24]

5 Location of oil and gas wells in the USA. Average total dissolved solid (TDS) content of produced waters from oil and gas wells as indicator for calcium, magnesium and alkali [33]

6 Equivalents of hydroxide (mol/kg) theoretically available in coal fly ash, calculated for 1501 samples of coal fly ash [45]

7 Calera’s ABLE process for NaOH and HCl production [6]

Source/Quelle: Luca Galuzzi – www.galuzzi.it

Salt mounds at Salar de Uyuni/Bolivia

Source/Quelle: Luca Galuzzi – www.galuzzi.it

Green cements with the potential to significantly reduce CO₂ emissions are still in the focus of attention in the cement industry.

1 Introduction

Great expectations are placed in the development of new cement-based binders with significantly less CO₂ emissions compared to the production of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC), the cement most used globally. Since cement is a mass product par excellence, the global cement industry is the largest industrial CO₂ producer. As indicated in [1] the cement industry has exhausted nearly all conventional options available to keep future CO₂ emissions at today’s levels, even under the best conditions.

Therefore, different advanced approaches to reduce the emissions are currently in focus....

TEXT Matthias Achternbosch, Ulrich Dewald, Christel Kupsch, Eberhard Nieke, Gerhard Sardemann, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe/Germany

Issue 03/2013

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Issue 9/2016 WO 2016/115398 A1

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An update for Europe The European Green Deal and especially the Climate Law (EC/2021/1119) impact not only the operation of power plants and by this the production of e.g. fly ash, but also the...